Microcycas calocoma, threatened species
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Abstract
Microcycas calocoma belongs to a monotypic and endemic genus of Cuba.Colonies of M. calocoma develop in clayey or sandy soils on limestone, although they also grow in gallery forests of secondary origin and in mogotes. The populations of M. calocoma are only found in the province of Pinar del Río, in western Cuba, since their distribution has been largely limited by agricultural expansion. It has been established that in nature no more than 1 % of the seeds that germinate reach the seedling stage, which generates major additional problems for this species. Among the cycads, M. calocoma is one of the most relevant examples of the negative human impact on an endemic species. The actual decrease of this species is estimated at more than 80 %. In 1989, M. calocoma was declared «National Natural Monument» due to its aesthetic and scientific value. Several conservation efforts have been made and the populations of M. calocoma in Viñales National Park and the Mil Cumbres Protected Areas are relatively safe. Ex situ conservation has also been carried out by the Cuban National Botanical Garden, located in Havana, that currently has 156 alive individuals in its collection. Conservation programs should include a more accurate assessment of existing populations based on current field surveys, a deeper investigation of the reproductive needs of the species and an increase in the community involvement in management programs.
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